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Objective To explore the regularity and characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang Province and to provide scientific basis for pesticide poisoning prevention. Methods The cases of pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2016 were collected through the occupational diseases and occupational health information monitoring system. The district, types of pesticides, time, gender and age of poisoning were analyzed. Results There were 46 671 cases of pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2016, 14.91% of which were productive exposure poisoning, while 85.09% were non-productive exposure poisoning. There were 2 735 death cases, so the fatality rate was 5.86%. There was no obvious change trend in the mortality rate of productive poisoning(P>0.05), which was 0.88%. The mortality rate of non-productive poisoning was much higher, which was 6.73%(P<0.05), with a decreasing trend in this decade(P<0.05). The pesticide poisoning occurred more from July to September than other months, with a total number of 16 806 cases, which was 36.01% of the 46 671 cases. Hangzhou, Taizhou and Huzhou reported the largest number of cases. The number of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning cases was the highest, accounting for 56.89% of the total poisoning cases. The highest incidence of poisoning was among 35-64 years old ones 51.44% of the cases). The number of death cases in groups older than 75 years was the largest, accounting for 11.44% of the total number of deaths. The cases of suicide poisoning accounted for 77.07% of non-productive pesticides poisoning, and the fatality rate was 8.11%. The mortality rate increased with age(P<0.05). The mortality rate of suicide poisoning in male patients was 9.82%, which was higher than that of female(6.59%)(P<0.05). Conclusion The pesticide poisoning in Zhejiang Province is mainly caused by non-productive self-service poisoning. The mortality rate of pesticide poisoning in the elderly population is high.
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Objective To explore the characteristics and their influencing factors of economic burden for pneumoconiosis disease,and to provide a baseline to develop the prevention measures and to reduce the economic burden of pneumoconiosis. Methods The retrospective epidemiological method was used to investigate the general information of pneumoconiosis cases,frequency of outpatient and hospitalization per year,medical expenditure. Direct economic loss and its influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients were analyzed. Results A total of 421 pneumoconiosis cases were investigated. All subjects were male,including 306 inpatients. The average medical expenditures of outpatient and inpatient were 594. 53 ± 336. 23 and 32 266. 06 ± 28 130. 67 Yuan,respectively. The annual average expenditures of outpatient and inpatient were 2 907. 25 and 48 721. 75 Yuan,respectively. In terms of health care costs,the highest proportion of western medicine was 44. 08% ,followed by traditional Chinese medicine(12. 62% ). With an increase in pneumoconiosis stage,the annual frequency of outpatient and hospitalization,as well as total expenditure increased accordingly. The average annual cost of pneumoconiosis inpatient with complications and non - complication inpatient were 55 822. 20 and 23 532. 21 Yuan,respectively. The annual average cost of outpatient with complications and without complications were 4 236. 41 and 882. 31 Yuan, respectively. The expenditures for pneumoconiosis disease with complications among outpatient and inpatient were significantly higher than those of pneumoconiosis patients without complications(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Direct economic loss of pneumoconiosis disease is relatively high. The disease stage and complications of pneumoconiosis are the main factors influencing the direct economic loss of pneumoconiosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the monitoring results of the occupational hazard factors in workplaces in Zhejiang Province, China in 2006 - 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Descriptive analysis was performed on the monitoring results of the occupational hazard factors in workplaces in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 2006 to 2012, the number of monitored objects for each occupational hazard factor increased gradually, and the qualified rate for each factor remained unchanged or rose slightly. The qualified rates for silica dust and asbestos dust were less than 60%. The qualified rates for benzene, toluene, and xylene, which were always the factors highlighted in the monitoring of toxic chemicals, were all above 85%. The numbers of monitored objects for hexane, hydrogen sulfide, and cyanide grew significantly in recent years. However, the qualified rates for physical factors, which mainly included high temperature and noise, were less than 70%, lower than those for chemical factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The qualified rate is as important as the number of monitored objects in the monitoring of the occupational hazard factors in workplaces in Zhejiang Province, China. The acute and chronic factors, physical and chemical factors, and traditional and new factors should be balanced in monitoring.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Epidemiology , Dust , Environmental Monitoring , Occupational Diseases , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , WorkplaceABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the characteristics of pneumoconiosis cases in Zhejiang province and to provide the evidence for pneumoconiosis control and prevention measures in Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of new pneumoconiosis cases were from national surveillance system of occupational disease in Zhejiang province during 2006-2009, and were analyzed for distribution, age, exposure duration, pneumoconiosis phases and enterprise types.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 2006-2009, 819 new pneumoconiosis cases (173, 157, 209 and 280 cases, respectively) were reported, 86.9% cases suffered from silicosis. Most of pneumoconiosis cases were distributed in Ningbo, Wenzhou areas and in building materials, machinery, coal, geological and mining, light industries and construction enterprise. The average ages of new pneumoconiosis cases were (47.8 +/- 10.0), (52.5 +/- 13.1), (55.5 +/- 11.2) and (55.9 +/- 12.2) years old, respectively and showed a significant increase trend (P<0.05). The average exposure duration of new pneumoconiosis cases were (12.4 +/- 8.6), (12.9 +/- 9.4), (12.4 +/- 8.6) and (15.7 +/- 10.0) years. The average exposure duration of phase I, phase II, phase III new pneumoconiosis cases were (14.3 +/- 9.87), (12.4 +/- 8.7) and (11.4 +/- 7.1) years, respectively and there were significant differences (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>New pneumoconiosis cases in Zhejiang province are increasing year by year, the main type of pneumoconiosis is silicosis, the distribution of pneumoconiosis cases is associated with the areas and enterprises, and the exposure duration of new pneumoconiosis cases is relatively shorter.</p>